在欧洲都市地区，人们对泛族群的语言学意义上的兴起有着浓厚兴趣，但是对后殖民地地区这样的现象的关注就少得多，而后者往往可以成为国家成立过程的一个标志。我提出的案例是纳米比亚，一个有着长期族群语言隔离史的国家。基于一个实验性的族群间互动的语料库，我调查了族群整合过程中语言的融合、分化或维持的模型。在对三种语言（南非荷兰语、英语、一种纳米比亚族群语言）词汇、词素句法变化和代码交换模型进行分析的基础上，我首先识别了白人和非白人的一般性两分法的证据；进一步我提出非白人泛人种证据，通过近距离观察，它显示出中北部和南部族群的社会--历史划分的信号；最后，通过把这项研究结果放在更广泛的后殖民时代背景下，我展示了“多族群方言研究”与描述国家形成过程的相关性。

关键词：语言变化，互动，代码交换，新种族，纳米比亚

Social identities in post-Apartheid intergroup communication patterns: linguistic evidence of an emergent nonwhite pan-ethnicity in Namibia?

Gerald Stell

Abstract  There has been considerable interest in the linguistic emergence of ‘pan-ethnicities’ in urban Europe, while much less attention has been paid to the emergence of such identities in post-colonial contexts, where it could serve as an indicator of nation-building processes. The case study I propose is Namibia, a country bearing a legacy of segregation along ethnolinguistic lines. Relying on an experientially set-up corpus of interethnic interactions, I investigate patterns of linguistic convergence and divergence/maintenance across ethnic combinations. On the basis of an analysis of lexical and morphosyntactic variation as well as of code-switching patterns involving up to three languages simultaneously (i.e. Afrikaans, English and one among the various Namibia ingroup languages), I first identify evidence of a general dichotomy between whites and nonwhites. I further identify evidence of a Nonwhite pan-ethnicity, which, however, reveals upon closer inspection signs of a socio-historical division between northern and southern ethnicities. Finally, I demonstrate the relevance of “multiethnolectal studies” to describing nation-building processes by placing the findings of this study in a broad post-colonial context.

Keywords  language variation, interaction, code-switching, new ethnicities, Namibia