内容摘要： 关于苏联解体原因的研究，中国学界一直保持着高度的重视。尤其面对近年来中国社会出现的民族分裂活动，苏联民族政策与苏联解体之间的关系在研究中受到了极大的关注。在苏联解体的过程中，民族矛盾的恶化的确起到了“催化剂”的作用，苏联民族政策的弊端也暴露无遗。当我们在苏联民族政策的视角之下，重新探究苏联解体的原因，不难发现：苏联的民族政策产生于十月革命胜利之后，在其问世之初就存在弊端，但它毕竟符合当时的历史潮流，并推动了苏联社会的建设发展，只是在列宁去世之后，这一政策的弊端才逐渐显现，并成为促使苏联解体的重要影响因素。在这一深刻变化的过程中，苏联的民族政策只是导致苏联解体众多原因的一个组成部分，其根本原因是苏共内部发生了质的蜕变，执政水平和能力不断下降，终于陷入执政危机而无力挽回。

Abstract: The causes for the disintegration of the Soviet Union have been attaching great importance by China＇ s academic circles. Since the frequent occurrence of national splittism in recent years in China, the relation- ship between USSR＇ s ethnic policies and its disintegration has gained even more attention and research interest. During the course of its disintegration, ethnic contradictions, which was getting worse and worse during the disinte- gration process, plays a role of CATALYST while the malpractice of ethnic policies had been obviously noticed. While reviewing the history, it＇ s not difficult to discern that the Soviet Union＇ s ethnic policies, which had been es- tablished after October Revolution, proved it fit for the historical trends and helpful in promoting the social develop- ment at that time. Only after Lenin passed away did the disadvantages of the policies gradually appear and thus con- stituting one of the key causes for the disintegration. To put it more responsibly and objectively, the root cause for the disintegration lies in the fact that the governing level and management capacity of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union kept deteriorating and the qualitative change of the inner part of the party finally leads to the abyss.

关键词：民族政策;苏联解体;执政危机;

作者：林嫒(中国传媒大学思想政治理论课教研部)

来源： 《阴山学刊：社会科学版》 2013年 第2期

中图分类号：D751.2