内容摘要： 长期以来，国内学术界关注更多的是列宁的民族问题理论，而对关于马克思恩格斯民族问题理论的文本研究却相对较少。实际上，马克思恩格斯通过众多的论述阐述了民族问题的基本理论。所不同的是，马克思恩格斯不是把民族问题单独来考察的，而是把民族问题放在其整体的理论框架中来分析的，特别是把关于民族问题的研究与生产力发展和人类解放问题结合在一起来进行研究的。马克思恩格斯着重分析了资产阶级作为现代民族产生的条件和特征，现代民族形成后的双后果，以及落后民族的发展问题和解放问题。在马克思恩格斯看来，尽管资产阶级民族开拓了世界历史进程，但资本主义私有制使得资产阶级仍然存在着不可克服的民族狭隘性。同样，作为现代民族的无产阶级就要承担起自身的政治解放和全社会的解放的历史重任，只有在克服资产阶级的民族狭隘性之后才有可能最终实现人的全面发展和人类的解放。

Abstract: In a long period, scholars emphasize on the study theories, yet research on Marx- Engel＇s literature is less fruitful. In developed the fundamental hypotheses of nationalism in several works. Marx- Engels and Lenin is that Marx- Engels never focused on the ethnic of Lenin＇ s nationalism fact, Marx and Engels The difference between issue on its own, but to analyze it within their broader theoretical framework, especially with productivity and liberation of mankind. Marx and Engels analyzed the condition of formation and characteristics of bourgeois modem nations, the double- effect after the form of modem nations, the development and liberation of under-developed nations. Furthermore, although bourgeois impelled the evolution of the world, the capitalist private ownership caused insurmountable problem of ethnic parochialism. On the other hand, proletariat has to shoulder their historical responsibility of self-liberation and the liberation of the world society. After and only after overcome bourgeois ethnic parochialism, can the comprehensive development and liberation of mankind be fulfilled.

关键词：马克思恩格斯;民族问题;现代民族;民族发展;民族解放;

作者：胡键(著)(上海社会科学院中国马克思主义研究所)

来源： 《世界民族》 2013年 第06期

中图分类号：A8;D06