内容摘要： 伯克制度是清朝政府统一回疆前该地区旧有的行政制度，自清朝政府对回疆实施统治之后，便对该项制度进行改革，将其纳入清朝地方职官体系，并在当地确立了驻扎大臣与伯克相结合的管理模式。回疆各地的驻扎大臣一般不对当地民众进行直接管理，而是通过伯克施行对民政事务的间接控制。伯克通常在本地驻扎大臣的监管下行使其职责，成为清朝政府与回疆民间社会之间互动的中介。因此，清朝政府十分重视通过法律的手段对伯克进行管理，以明确伯克权责、规范伯克行为、打击伯克犯罪。这种惩防并举的做法对清朝政府在回疆建立稳固、有效的统治起到了重要作用。

Abstract: Bek system is the old administrative system practiced in Xinjiang before the Qing Dynasty's re-unification of this region. Since the re-unification, the Qing Dynasty government reformed the old system and placed it under the government offcial system -- the integrated management system of the stationed ministers and Bek officials. In general, the stationed ministers managed local affairs through Bek officials who usually performed their duties under the supervision of the regional stationed minister -- the interactive intermediary between the government of the Qing Dynasty and the local civil society. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty government attached great importance to Bek official management by applying legal means in order to clearly define the rights and responsibilities of Bek officials, regulate their behavior, and crack down on their crimes. This punitive and preventive approach played a dominant role in stabilizing and effective governing Xinjiang.
 

关键词：清代回疆;法律控制;伯克管理;《回疆则例》;

作者：邢蕾(西北师范大学文史学院)

来源： 《新疆大学学报：哲学．人文社会科学版》 2013年 第2期

中图分类号：K294.5