内容摘要： 本文主要论述的问题是在1989年前后基于民族起源划分的、不同代的、生活在波兰并处于不同的政治和意识形态条件下的白俄罗斯和乌克兰少数民族的代表，对自身民族身份作为一种耻辱的反应模式。本文研究基于定性经验分析，包含对22个不同年龄的白俄罗斯和乌克兰少数民族的代表的深度传纪访谈。研究发现，年龄大的一代认为他们的民族身份处于危险或威胁中，中年一代认为民族身份是他们在波兰人占统治地位的社会里满足生活期望的障碍，最年轻一代似乎最愿意正面看待他们的少数民族的特征，认为它们是独特和有竞争力的，特别是他们的多语能力，增加了他们在劳动市场的竞争力。

Abstract: The main research problem addressed in this article is the pattern of reacting to stigma based on ethnic origin expressed by the representatives of different generations of Belarusian and Ukrainian minorities in Poland living under different political and ideological conditions before and after 1989. This paper is based on a qualitative empirical study that comprised 22 in depth biographical interviews with representatives of Belarusian and Ukrainian minorities, who varied in age. The research found that while the elderly see their minority identity in terms of danger or threat, the middle generation perceives it as an obstacle in fulfilling their life aspirations in a society fully dominated by the Polish majority. The youngest interviewees seem to be the most willing to perceive their minority characteristics positively in terms of uniqueness as well as particular competences, especially bilingualism, which may give them an advantage in the labor market.

关键词：耻辱;少数民族身份;白俄罗斯少数民族;乌克兰少数民族;波兰;

Keyword:stigma;ethnic identity;Belarusian minority;Ukrainian minority;Poland;

作者：Ilona Matysiak, 周学文(文摘翻译)(中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所)

来源： 《Nationalities Paper》 2014年 第6期