内容摘要： 本文介绍了一个语言不公平性测试。通过测试的语言政策工具与平等语言认可的标准理想相冲突。测试的第一部分检查了外部限制语言政策,相对于别的语言群,这类政策给予某一语言群以更多的认可。测试的第二部分检查了内部限制语言政策,相对于同一语言群内的其它成员,此类政策给予该语言群的某些成员以更多认可。本文然后把语言不公平性测试应用于两个语言公平性的模型：语言地域性和语言多元性。结论是，语言地域性的实际案例倾向于能通过该测试，而语言多样性的实际案例倾向于不能通过该测试。

Abstract: This article developed a linguistic injustice test. Language policy measures passing the test conflict with the normative ideal of equal language recognition. The first part of the test checks for external restrictions—language policies that grant more recognition to one language group than to another. The second part of the test checks for internal restrictions—language policies that grant more recognition to some members of a language group than to other members of the same group. The article than applies the linguistic injustice test to two models of linguistic justice: linguistic territoriality and linguistic pluralism. It is argued that real-life cases of linguistic territoriality tend to pass the test. It is argued that instantiations of linguistic pluralism tend to fail the test.

关键词：语言不公平性;语言地域原则;语言政策;语言民族主义;巴黎;

Keyword:linguistic injustice;linguistic territoriality principle;language policy;linguistic nationalism;Van Parijs;

作者：Helder De Schutter, 周学文(文摘翻译)(中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所)

来源： 《Nationalities Paper》 2014年 第6期