内容摘要： 人们怎样谈论少数民族是一个敏感的话题，特别在执法部门。我们对欧洲大陆关于这个话题的情况知之甚少。本文就是关于意大利、荷兰和法国警察怎样谈论少数民族，语言规范（‘政治正确性’）是怎样运用在英语世界之外的？语言规范和实践之间是否有关系？这个探索性研究是基于对意大利、荷兰和法国的55个警官的访谈，在这些国家，警官知道公开表现出种族主义是社会所不希望的。访谈显示，在这三个国家管理得体的种族谈话的语言规范差别巨大。特别是，我们比较了警察怎样使用族群分类，警察怎样预见歧视的指控，警察怎样推测在犯罪中对少数民族身份的过度表达。法国受访者比荷兰和意大利受访者遵守了更加严格的语言规范。

Abstract: How people talk about ethnic minorities is a sensitive subject, especially in law enforcement. We know little about it as far as continental Europe is concerned. This article is about how police officers talk about minorities in France, in Italy and in the Netherlands. How do speech norms (‘political correctness ’) apply outside the Anglophone world? Is there a relation between speech norms and practices? This exploratory study is based on interviews with fifty-five police officers from France, Italy and the Netherlands. In these countries, police officers are aware that displaying overt racism is not socially desirable. Interviews show that there are vastly different speech norms governing decent race talk in the three countries. Specifically, we compare: how police use ethnic categories; how police anticipate accusations of discrimination; and police theorize the over-representation of ethnic minorities in crime. French respondents respect much stricter speech norms than Dutch or Italian ones.

关键词：警察，种族主义，社会期待，语言，谈论，欧洲;

Keyword:police, racism, social desirability, speech;

作者：Francois Bonnet and Clotilde Caillault, 周学文(著)(中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,)

来源： 《Ethnic and Racial Studies, June 2015》 第7期