内容摘要： 目的：歧视感知给亚裔美国人造成了心理困扰的风险，但总体不公平待遇和种族歧视的差异的不同影响还没有被研究。虽然来自出生地的社会支持直接或缓冲性地减少了歧视相关的痛苦，但配偶支持的独特作用仍然没有充分研究。为了解决以前有关歧视与痛苦关系研究的不一致的结果，本文使用出生地状态作为另一个调节因素。方法：数据来自在全国有代表性的《全国拉美裔和亚裔美国人的研究》的1626个在美国和外国出生的亚裔美国成年人（M-age = 42.17岁；n = 1142已婚或同居），他们报告经历了不公平的待遇、种族歧视、（配偶，家庭，朋友和邻居）的社会支持和心理上的痛苦的经历。结果是，分层多元回归分析表明，不公平的待遇和种族歧视都预示心理痛苦，在感知歧视的背景下，配偶的支持超越来自出生地的社会支持。对调节的分析显示，配偶的支持缓冲了对不公平待遇而不是种族歧视的负面心理影响。作为一个本地的功能，配偶的支持不是无差异的保护性的；然而，美国出生的受访者比外国出生的表示出更大的对不公平的对待的痛苦。本文结论是：一般和基于种族的歧视的心理影响，以及社会支持独特来源的贡献，对于理解亚裔美国人调整和文化过渡是很重要的。出生的差异影响着受到的不公平对待。本文也对未来研究的影响进行了讨论。

Abstract: Objective: Perceived discrimination poses risks for psychological distress among Asian Americans, but the differential impact of general unfair treatment and racial discrimination has not been examined. Although social support from distal sources reduces discrimination-related distress either directly or as a buffer, the unique roles of spousal support have remained understudied. Nativity status was examined as another moderator of these relationships to resolve previous inconsistent findings regarding its relationship to the discrimination-distress link. Method: Data were from 1,626 U.S.- and foreign-born Asian American adults (M-age = 42.17 years; n = 1,142 married/cohabiting) in the nationally representative National Latino and Asian American Study, who reported on experiences of unfair treatment, racial discrimination, social supports from spouses, family, friends, and neighborhood, and psychological distress. Results: Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that both unfair treatment and racial discrimination predicted psychological distress, and spousal support predicted distress above and beyond distal forms of social support in the context of perceived discrimination. Moderation analyses revealed that spousal support buffered against negative psychological consequences of unfair treatment, but not racial discrimination. Spousal support was not differentially protective as a function of nativity; however, U.S.-born respondents reacted with greater distress to unfair treatment than their foreign-born counterparts. Conclusions: Psychological effects of both general and race-based discrimination, and the unique contributions of distinct sources of social support, are important to understanding adjustment and cultural transition among Asian Americans. Nativity differentially influences effects of unfair treatment. Implications for future research are discussed

作者：Rollock, David; Lui, P. Priscilla, 周学文(译)

来源： 《CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 》 2016年