内容摘要： 摘要：在非洲城市民族志中交错分布着贫穷和暴力。来自南非的人类学研究是特别明显的，其中相当多的作品用来描述和记录隔离的城市中的贫穷和暴力的。至于贫困和脆弱性之间的相互关系，文献中往往声称：;最贫穷的穷人;被多次地表达为最容易受到暴力和伤害的人。在本文中，我的目标是探讨复杂化贫困和脆弱性是怎样按惯例相互联系的。基于对开普敦的年轻的非洲移民的非正式工作的田野调查，我展示了在经济繁荣中获取轻微的收益可以是多么的危险。一旦移民创业企业开始运作，很快地，这些年轻人就被怀疑并成为合法的目标。我展示了一段经历，对比失去财产和生计的其他移民，针对期望，这些移民对自己正陷入贫困的无意识在反移民暴力爆发期间保护了他们。民族志显示在城市生活中，贫困和脆弱性是密切相关的方面，但比设想的更动态和以更不可预见的方式。我认为，人类学的不成比例的窄聚焦于社会的最拮据的和最弱势的社会成员，如果把城市贫困人口作为一个整体，将冒着 把财富和福利的量很小但显著波动的贫困人口忽略的危险。这样一个政治低估了它们的多样性。

Abstract:  Abstract: Poverty and violence crisscross ethnographies of the African city. This is especially pronounced in anthropological research from South Africa, where considerable efforts are made to describe and document poverty and violence across segregated cityscapes. Correlations between poverty and vulnerability are often asserted in the literature: the "poorest of the poor" are presented repeatedly as the persons most susceptible to violence and harm. In this paper I aim to complicate how poverty and vulnerability are conventionally linked. Drawing from fieldwork on young African migrants' informal work in Cape Town, I show how hazardous slight gains in prosperity can prove. Once the migrants' entrepreneurial ventures took off, the youths were recast quickly as persons of suspicion and acceptable targeting. I present an episode in counterpoint of other migrants losing their property and means of livelihood. Countering expectations, these migrants' descent into poverty's inconspicuousness protected them during an outbreak of anti-immigrant violence. The ethnography shows poverty and vulnerability to be closely connected facets of urban life but more dynamically than assumed and not associable in predictable ways. I argue that anthropology's disproportionately narrow focus on the most economically and socially disadvantaged members of society risks eclipsing small yet significant fluctuations in wealth and well-being among the urban poor as a whole. Such a politics understates their diversity.

作者： Williams, James, 周学文(译)

来源： 《CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 卷: 56 增刊: 11 页: S24-S32》 2015年